Land , Edwin Herbert

Land , Edwin Herbert
(1909–1991) American inventor
Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Land began his education at Harvard but left to develop a number of commercial ideas.
His first success was a method of producing a relatively cheap filter that would transmit polarized light. The material, sold under the tradename Polaroid, was a plastic containing aligned crystals, which restrict the light vibrations to one plane. Land set up the Polaroid Corporation in 1937 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. With the onset of World War II there was an increased demand for polarizing filters for sunglasses, binoculars, and other optical instruments, and Land's company flourished.
Following the end of the war Land sought new areas to exploit. He chose photography and concentrated on designing an instant camera. Chemicals to develop the film were contained in a lead pod pierced as it was squeezed through a pair of rollers. Early instant cameras required a wait of a minute or more before peeling away the protective plastic. Land's SX70 camera, launched in 1972, ejected the print instantly for the image to develop within seconds.
Land also tried to develop a new theory of color vision that began by rejecting the old trichromatic theory linked with Newton and Young. How, he asked, does the eye cope with an excess of red in a room lit by an incandescent tungsten light? Familiar objects like green apples and yellow lemons do not appear to redden in this artificial light, despite the fact that it does not have the same spectral distribution as sunlight. How do objects retain their ‘color identity’ under a great variety of lighting conditions? It cannot simply be the responses of the retinal photoreceptors to radiant energy; also involved are high-level brain processes. Thus for Land, vision was a retina-and-cortex system, which he called a retinex system.

Scientists. . 2011.

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  • Land,Edwin Herbert — Land (lănd), Edwin Herbert. 1909 1991. American inventor who developed (1932) the light polarizing plastic film called Polaroid and incorporated it into lenses for cameras and sunglasses. He also invented the one step photographic process (1947) …   Universalium

  • Land, Edwin Herbert — (7.5.1909 1.3.1991) Amerikanischer Physiker und Industrieller, entwickelte 1932 den ersten für fotografische Anwendungen brauchbaren Polarisationsfilter und machte sich anschließend mit der Polaroid Corporation selbständig, die anfänglich Filter… …   Das Lexikon aus „Bernie's Foto-Programm"

  • Land, Edwin Herbert — ▪ American inventor and physicist born May 7, 1909, Bridgeport, Conn., U.S. died March 1, 1991, Cambridge, Mass.  American inventor and physicist whose one step process for developing and printing photographs culminated in a revolution in… …   Universalium

  • Land, Edwin (Herbert) — born May 7, 1909, Bridgeport, Conn., U.S. died March 1, 1991, Cambridge, Mass. U.S. inventor and physicist. After briefly attending Harvard University, he cofounded the Land Wheelwright Laboratories in Boston in 1932. Interested in light… …   Universalium

  • Land, Edwin (Herbert) — (7 may. 1909, Bridgeport, Conn., EE.UU.–1 mar. 1991, Cambridge, Mass.). Inventor y físico estadounidense. Después de asistir brevemente a la Universidad de Harvard, en 1932 fue cofundador de los Laboratorios Land Wheelwright en Boston. Interesado …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Edwin Herbert Land — Edwin H. Land Edwin Herbert Land né le 12 mai 1909 à Bridgeport (Connecticut), mort le 1er mars 1991 à Cambridge (Massachusetts), était un inventeur et scientifique américain. Sa principale contribution à la science est l invention du… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Edwin Herbert Land — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Edwin Herbert Land Nacimiento 12 de mayo de 1909 Bridgeport, Connecticut …   Wikipedia Español

  • Edwin Herbert Land — (* 7. Mai 1909 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA; † 1. März 1991 in Cambridge, USA) war ein US amerikanischer Physiker und Industrieller, der mit seiner Erfindung des Polaroid Trennbildfilm Verfahrens bis heute als einer der wichtigsten Pioniere… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Edwin Herbert Land — (7.5.1909 1.3.1991) Amerikanischer Physiker und Industrieller, entwickelte 1932 den ersten für fotografische Anwendungen brauchbaren Polarisationsfilter und machte sich anschließend mit der Polaroid Corporation selbständig, die anfänglich Filter… …   Das Lexikon aus „Bernie's Foto-Programm"

  • Edwin Herbert Land — noun United States inventor who incorporated Polaroid film into lenses and invented the one step photographic process (1909 1991) • Syn: ↑Land, ↑Din Land • Instance Hypernyms: ↑inventor, ↑discoverer, ↑artificer, ↑industrialist …   Useful english dictionary

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