Harden , Sir Arthur

Harden , Sir Arthur
(1865–1940) British biochemist
Harden was born in Manchester and educated at Owens College there (where he subsequently taught) and at the University of Erlangen, Germany. He was professor of biochemistry at the Jenner (later Lister) Institute of Preventive Medicine, where he began research into alcoholic fermentation, continuing the work of Eduard Buchner who had discovered that such reactions can take place in the absence of living cells.
Harden demonstrated that the activity of yeast enzymes was lost following dialysis (the separation of large from small molecules by diffusion of the smaller molecules through a semipermeable membrane). He went on to show that the small molecules are necessary for the successful action of the yeast enzyme and that, whereas the activity of the large molecules was lost on boiling, the activity of the small molecules remained after boiling. This suggested that the large molecules were proteins but the small molecules were probably nonprotein. This was the first evidence for the existence of coenzymes – nonprotein molecules that are essential for the activity of enzymes. Harden also discovered that yeast enzymes are not broken down and lost with time, but that the gradual loss of activity with time can be reversed by the addition of phosphates. He found that sugar phosphates are formed during fermentation as intermediates – phosphates are now known to play a vital part in biochemical reactions. Knighted in 1936, Harden shared the 1929 Nobel Prize for chemistry with Hans von Euler-Chelpin for his work on alcoholic fermentation and enzymes.

Scientists. . 2011.

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  • Harden, Sir Arthur — born Oct. 12, 1865, Manchester, Eng. died June 17, 1940, Bourne, Buckinghamshire British biochemist. His more than 20 years of study of sugar fermentation advanced knowledge of metabolic processes in all living forms. In 1929 he shared the Nobel… …   Universalium

  • Harden, Sir Arthur — (12 oct. 1865, Manchester, Inglaterra–17 jun. 1940, Bourne, Buckinghamshire). Bioquímico británico. Sus estudios por más de 20 años sobre la fermentación de los azúcares promovieron el conocimiento de los procesos metabólicos en todas las formas… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Harden — Sir Arthur …   Scientists

  • Arthur Harden — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Arthur Harden Sir Arthur Harden (n. Manchester, 12 de octubre de 1865 † Bourne End, Buckinghamshire, 17 de junio de 1940) fue un bioquímico y profesor universitario inglés galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Química… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Arthur Harden — Sir Arthur Harden (12 octobre 1865 à Manchester, Angleterre 17 juin 1940 à Bourne End, Angleterre) était un biochimiste anglais, co lauréat du prix Nobel de chimie de 1929 avec Hans Karl August Simon von Euler Chelpin… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • sir — /serr/, n. 1. a respectful or formal term of address used to a man: No, sir. 2. (cap.) the distinctive title of a knight or baronet: Sir Walter Scott. 3. (cap.) a title of respect for some notable personage of ancient times: Sir Pandarus of Troy …   Universalium

  • Arthur — /ahr theuhr/, n. 1. Chester Alan, 1830 86, 21st president of the U.S. 1881 85. 2. legendary king in ancient Britain: leader of the Knights of the Round Table. 3. a male given name. * * * (as used in expressions) Port Arthur Adamov Arthur Arthur s …   Universalium

  • Arthur — (as used in expressions) Adamov, Arthur Arthur, Chester A(lan) Arthur, paso Ashe, Arthur (Robert), Jr. Baldwin, James (Arthur) Balfour (de Whittingehame), Arthur James, 1 conde Bell, (Arthur) Clive (Heward) Bliss, Sir Arthur (Edward Drummond)… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • sir — (Voz inglesa.) ► sustantivo masculino Tratamiento honorífico empleado por los británicos. * * * sir (ingl.; pronunc. [ser]) m. *Tratamiento de respeto usado en Inglaterra delante de un nombre de hombre o para dirigirse a la persona de que se… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Arthur Harden — Arthur Harden, 1929 Sir Arthur Harden (* 12. Oktober 1865 in Manchester; † 17. Juni 1940 in London) war ein britischer Chemiker. Harden erhielt 1929 zusammen mit Hans Karl August Simon von Euler Chelpin den Nobelpreis für Chemie „für ihre… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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