Esaki , Leo

Esaki , Leo
(1925–) Japanese physicist
Born in the Japanese city of Osaka, Esaki graduated in physics at the University of Tokyo in 1947, gaining his doctorate there in 1959. His doctoral work was on the physics of semiconductors, and in 1958 he reported an effect known as ‘tunneling’, which he had observed in narrow p–n junctions of germanium that were heavily doped with impurities. The phenomenon of tunneling is a quantum-mechanical effect in which an electron can penetrate a potential barrier through a narrow region of solid, where classical theory predicts it could not pass.
Esaki was quick to see the possibility of applying the tunnel effect, and in 1960 reported the construction of a device with diodelike properties – the tunnel (or Esaki) diode. With negative bias potential, the diode acts as a short circuit, while under certain conditions of forward bias it can have effectively negative resistance (the current decreasing with increasing voltage). Important characteristics of the tunnel diode are its very fast speed of operation, its small physical size, and its low power consumption. It has found application in many fields of electronics, principally in computers, microwave devices, and where low electronic noise is required. Esaki shared the Nobel Prize for physics in 1973 with Brian Josephson and Ivar Giaever.
Esaki worked for the computer firm International Business Machines at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, until 1992, when he returned to Japan to become president of Tsukuba University, Ibaraki.

Scientists. . 2011.

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  • Esaki Leo — Leo Esaki (jap. 江崎 玲於奈, Esaki Reona; * 12. März 1925 in Ōsaka) ist ein japanischer Physiker. Bekannt wurde er durch die Erfindung der Esaki Diode. Esaki studierte Physik auf der Universität Tokio und machte 1947 seinen Bachelor of Science, 1959… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Esaki, Leo — orig. Esaki Reiona born March 12, 1925, Ōsaka, Japan Japanese physicist. In 1956 he became chief physicist of the Sony Corp., and in 1960 he was awarded an IBM fellowship for further research in the U.S., subsequently joining IBM s research… …   Universalium

  • Esaki, Leo — ► (n. 1925) Físico japonés. Fue premio Nobel de Física en 1973, compartido con I. Giaever y B. D. Josephson, por sus estudios sobre el «efecto túnel». * * * orig. Esaki Reiona (12 mar. 1925, Osaka, Japón). Físico japonés. En 1956 fue nombrado… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Esaki — Leo …   Scientists

  • Esaki — Esaki, Leo …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Esaki — Leo Esaki (jap. 江崎 玲於奈, Esaki Reona; * 12. März 1925 in Ōsaka) ist ein japanischer Physiker. Bekannt wurde er durch die Erfindung der Esaki Diode. Esaki studierte Physik auf der Universität Tokio und machte 1947 seinen Bachelor of Science, 1959… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Esaki Reona — Leo Esaki (jap. 江崎 玲於奈, Esaki Reona; * 12. März 1925 in Ōsaka) ist ein japanischer Physiker. Bekannt wurde er durch die Erfindung der Esaki Diode. Esaki studierte Physik auf der Universität Tokio und machte 1947 seinen Bachelor of Science, 1959… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Esaki — Esaki,   Leo, japanischer Physiker, * Ōsaka 12. 3. 1925; 1956 60 bei der Sony Corporation in Tokio, seitdem am Thomas J. Watson Forschungszentrum der Firma IBM in Yorktown Heights (N. Y.) tätig; 1976 92 Mitglied des Direktoriums der IBM Japan,… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Esaki-Diode — Schaltzeichen Die Tunneldiode, 1957 entdeckt von dem Japaner Leo Esaki – deshalb auch Esaki Diode genannt, ist ein Hochfrequenz Halbleiterbauelement. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Leo — /lee oh/, n., gen. Leonis /lee oh nis/ for 1. 1. Astron. the Lion, a zodiacal constellation between Virgo and Cancer, containing the bright star Regulus. 2. Astrol. a. the fifth sign of the zodiac: the fixed fire sign. See illus. under zodiac. b …   Universalium

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