Gilman , Alfred Goodman

Gilman , Alfred Goodman
(1941––sp;–sp;) American pharmacologist
The son of Alfred Gilman Snr, a noted pharmacologist, Gilman received his PhD from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1969. After working at the University of Virginia Medical School from 1971 until 1981, Gilman moved to the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, where he became professor of pharmacology.
Gilman's work has been on the processes by which hormones, neurotransmitters, and other stimuli – the so-called ‘first messengers’ – influence cellular activity. It had been shown by Earl Sutherland in 1971 that hormones do not actually enter cells. They seem to bind to receptor sites on the cell's surface and then produce a “second messenger,” cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), which initiates the appropriate cellular response.
It was further shown by Martin Rodbell that other factors, namely, an amplifier and a transducer, were required in the process. Rodbell identified the enzyme adenylate cyclase (AC) as the amplifier and demonstrated that transducers would only work in the presence of the energy-rich molecule guanine triphosphate (GTP).
Gilman set out to elucidate the process further. He established in the late 1970s that the transducers were in fact proteins. They were initially named ‘guanine nucleotide binding proteins’, a term quickly shortened to G proteins. Gilman went on to outline the main steps in cellular signaling as:
1. A hormone, neurotransmitter, etc., binds to a cell receptor.
2. The receptor binds to and activates a G protein.
3. The activated G protein binds to GTP.
4. The activated GTP stimulates AC to produce cAMP.
5. cAMP produces an appropriate cellular response.
G proteins have been shown to play a number of important physiological roles. In cholera, for example, a toxin is produced that freezes G proteins into their GTP-bound activated state, producing in the body a massive fluid loss with consequent dehydration. G proteins are also thought to be involved in some aspects of diabetes and some types of cancer.
Gilman shared the 1994 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with Martin Rodbell for their work on G proteins.

Scientists. . 2011.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Alfred Goodman Gilman — (* 1. Juli 1941 in New Haven, Connecticut) ist ein amerikanischer Pharmakologe. Gilman ist Sohn des Pharmakologen und Professors der Yale University, Alfred Gilman, Sr. (1908–1984). Den zweiten Vornamen Goodman erhielt er zu Ehren eines Kollegen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gilman, Alfred G. — ▪ American pharmacologist in full  Alfred Goodman Gilman   born July 1, 1941, New Haven, Conn., U.S.       American pharmacologist who shared the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with American biochemist Martin Rodbell (Rodbell,… …   Universalium

  • Gilman — Alfred Goodman …   Scientists

  • Alfred G. Gilman — Alfred Goodman Gilman (* 1. Juli 1941 in New Haven, Connecticut) ist ein amerikanischer Pharmakologe. Gilman ist Sohn des Pharmakologen und Professors der Yale University, Alfred Gilman, Sr. (1908–1984). Den zweiten Vornamen Goodman erhielt er zu …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Medizinnobelpreis 1994: Alfred Goodman Gilman — Martin Rodbell —   Die beiden Amerikaner erhielten den Nobelpreis für »die Entdeckung der G Proteine und die Rolle dieser Proteine bei der Zellkommunikation«.    Biografien   Alfred Goodman Gilman, * New Haven (Connecticut) 1. 7. 1941; ab 1977 …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics — is an American textbook of pharmacology. First published in 1941, the book is in its eleventh edition (as of 2006), and has the reputation of being the bible of pharmacology . Although it is aimed at all members of the medical profession, it is… …   Wikipedia

  • Gilman — ist der Name mehrerer Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten: Gilman (Colorado) Gilman (Illinois) Gilman (Iowa) Gilman (Minnesota) Gilman (Vermont) Gilman (Wisconsin) Gilman Township (Osceola County, Iowa) Gilman ist der Familienname folgender Personen …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gilman —   [ gɪlmən],    1) Alfred Goodman, amerikanischer Pharmakologe und Biochemiker, * New Haven (Conneticut) 1. 7. 1941; arbeitete ab 1969 für die Nationale Gesundheitsinstitute (NIH) in Bethesda (Maryland), bevor er 1971 81 als Professor an der… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Alfred G. Gilman — Infobox Scientist name = Alfred Goodman Gilman box width = image width =150px caption = Alfred Goodman Gilman birth date = July 1, 1941 birth place = New Haven, Connecticut death date = death place = residence = citizenship = nationality =… …   Wikipedia

  • Alfred Gilman (padre) — Véase también Alfred G. Gilman. Alfred Gilman. Alfred Gilman (5 de febrero de 1908 13 de enero de 1984) fue un farmacólogo estadounidense egresado de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Yale, del Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de… …   Wikipedia Español

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”